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Planet Networking |
 1.
Windows NT and 2000 Server
1.1. Domain Controllers Setup and Administration - Primary domain controller (PDC)
and backup domain controller (BDC) are roles that can be assigned to a server
in a network of computers that use the Windows NT operating system. Windows NT
uses the idea of a domain to manage access to a set of network resources (applications,
printers, and so forth) for a group of users. The user needs only to log in to
the domain to gain access to the resources, which may be located on a number of
different servers in the network.
1.2. Active Directory - Active Directory is Microsoft's trademarked directory
service, an integral part of the Windows 2000 architecture. Like other directory
services, such as Novell Directory Services (NDS), Active Directory is a centralized
and standardized system that automates network management of user data, security,
and distributed resources, and enables interoperation with other directories.
Active Directory is designed especially for distributed networking environments.
1.3. TCP/IP - TCP and IP were developed by a Department of Defense (DOD) research
project to connect a number different networks designed by different vendors into
a network of networks (the "Internet"). It was initially successful
because it delivered a few basic services that everyone needs (file transfer,
electronic mail, remote logon) across a very large number of client and server
systems. Several computers in a small department can use TCP/IP (along with other
protocols) on a single LAN. The IP component provides routing from the department
to the enterprise network, then to regional networks, and finally to the global
Internet. On the battlefield a communications network will sustain damage, so
the DOD designed TCP/IP to be robust and automatically recover from any node or
phone line failure. This design allows the construction of very large networks
with less central management.
1.4. DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a communications protocol
that lets network administrators manage centrally and automate the assignment
of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in an organization's network. Using the Internet
Protocol, each machine that can connect to the Internet needs a unique IP address.
1.5. DNS - The domain name system (DNS) is the way that Internet domain names
are located and translated into Internet Protocol addresses. A domain name is
a meaningful and easy-to-remember "handle" for an Internet address.
1.6. Proxy - In an enterprise that uses the Internet, a proxy server is a server
that acts as an intermediary between a workstation user and the Internet so that
the enterprise can ensure security, administrative control, and caching service.
A proxy server is associated with or part of a gateway server that separates the
enterprise network from the outside network and a firewall server that protects
the enterprise network from outside intrusion.
1.7. VPN - A virtual private network (VPN) is a way to use a public telecommunication
infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or individual
users with secure access to their organization's network. A virtual private network
can be contrasted with an expensive system of owned or leased lines that can only
be used by one organization. The goal of a VPN is to provide the organization
with the same capabilities, but at a much lower cost.
1.8. Raid Arrays - RAID (redundant array of independent disks; originally redundant
array of inexpensive disks) is a way of storing the same data in different places
(thus, redundantly) on multiple hard disks. By placing data on multiple disks,
I/O operations can overlap in a balanced way, improving performance. Since multiple
disks increase the mean time between failures (MTBF), storing data redundantly
also increases fault-tolerance.
2. Hubs and Switches - In general, a hub is the central part of a wheel where
the spokes come together. The term is familiar to frequent fliers who travel through
airport "hubs" to make connecting flights from one point to another.
In data communications, a hub is a place of convergence where data arrives from
one or more directions and is forwarded out in one or more other directions. A
hub usually includes a switch of some kind. (And a product that is called a "switch"
could usually be considered a hub as well.) The distinction seems to be that the
hub is the place where data comes together and the switch is what determines how
and where data is forwarded from the place where data comes together. Regarded
in its switching aspects, a hub can also include a router.
3. Backup Procedures - Backup is the activity of copying files or databases so
that they will be preserved in case of equipment failure or other catastrophe.
The retrieval of files you backed up is called Restore.
4. Network Security. Computer security is the process of preventing and detecting
unauthorized use of your computer. Prevention measures help you to stop unauthorized
users (also known as "intruders") from accessing any part of your computer
system. Detection helps you to determine whether or not someone attempted to break
into your system, if they were successful, and what they may have done. These
are a few things that we can do to protect your system:
4.1. Use NAT - Network Address Translation (NAT) provides a way to hide the IP
addresses of a private network from the Internet while still allowing computers
on that network to access the Internet. NAT can be used in many different ways,
but one method frequently used is called "masquerading".
4.2. Install a Firewall - A firewall is "a system or group of systems that
enforces an access control policy between two networks." A firewall typically
takes one of two forms:
4.2.1. Software firewall - specialized software running on an individual computer
4.2.2. Network firewall - a dedicated device designed to protect one or more computers.
4.3. Install an Antivirus for File Servers - Comprehensive, high-performance antivirus
protection of Windows and Novell NetWare file servers, using real-time, scheduled
and on-demand scans. Automatic updating of virus signature. Centralized and remote
management in LAN and WAN networks. Virus incident warnings and notifications.
4.4. Install logins and passwords - Passwords are an important first line of defense
in protecting systems. There are people out there (hackers) who will attempt everyday
to find out, or crack, your password. Once they get your password, they can masquerade
as you, which means the intruder would then have access to your files, your e-mail,
your funds (if they reside on your system), your personal information, and more.
This intruder will have the power to modify or destroy your files, to send electronic
mail threats in your name, or to subscribe to unwanted services for which you'd
have to pay. Even worse, they may be able to do awful things to the accounts of
other people on the system, or even break in to systems across the world form
outs. |
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